VEDI ANCHE:
per BIKE SHARING, CAR SHARING e CAR POOLING, vedi la voce SHARED MOBILITY - MOBILITA' CONDIVISA
per ROAD PRICING e CONGESTION CHARGING in ambito urbano, vedi la voce COSTI ESTERNI DEI TRASPORTI, INTERNALIZZAZIONE DEI COSTI
vai a
AGENZIE DELLA MOBILITA', CENTRALI DI MOBILITA'
Agenzia Milanese Mobilità e
Ambiente è una struttura tecnica creata dal Comune di Milano per pianificare gli
interventi relativi alla mobilità e all'ambiente e avviare un ampio e
sistematico monitoraggio del territorio; pianifica, regola e controlla mobilità
e ambiente, rispondendo a due esigenze dettate da un territorio ad alta densità
operativa come quello dell'area urbana milanese.
Ami, Agenzia Mobilità Impianti, Ferrara.
Atr, Agenzia per la Mobilità della provincia di Forlì-Cesena.
Società Sistema Sosta Mobilità
(SSM - Udine) è una società per azioni mista a prevalente capitale pubblico locale (Comune di Udine).
Centrale di Mobilità per Milano, Monza e la Brianza.
Mobilito. Die Mobilitätszentrale in Salzburg.
8-80 Cities is a Canadian non-profit organization dedicated to transforming cities into places where people can walk, bike, access public transit and visit vibrant parks, streets and other public places
(based in Toronto, Canada). We are dedicated to contributing to the transformation of cities into places where people can walk, bike, access public transit and visit vibrant parks and public places.
Our approach is to engage communities at all levels and across multiple sectors to inspire the creation of cities that are easily accessible, safe and enjoyable for all.
Rete Mobilità Nuova (Italia). La Rete per la Mobilità Nuova è una realtà che unisce le persone che quotidianamente si muovono usando i treni, il trasporto pubblico locale, la bici e le proprie gambe, e che rappresentano una maggioranza ignara di esserlo. La Rete nasce con lo scopo di diffondere e promuovere la Mobilità Nuova tra cittadini, associazioni, movimenti, amministrazioni e istituzioni.
ATTUALITA': CONVEGNI, CORSI
Vedi anche
Journée d'étude Rue de l'Avenir.
RdA organise chaque année une journée d'étude, le dernier vendredi de septembre, à destination: des communes et des cantons romands,
des bureaux d'étude, des associations et personnes intéressées.
Conferenza Internazionale "Vivere e camminare in città"
affronta ogni anno diverse tematiche relative alla qualità della vita in ambito urbano. Centro Studi Città Amica (CeSCAm), Università degli Studi di Brescia.
Walk21 Conferences.
"Walk21 exists to champion the development of healthy sustainable and efficient communities where
people choose to walk. Through the Walk21 Conference series and the International Charter, Walk21 have a vision to
create a world where people choose and are able to walk as a way to travel, to be healthy and to relax."
Osservatorio
sulla mobilità sostenibile: le nuove strategie di intervento della Provincia di
Milano. Milano, 10/03/2005. Documenti
del convegno.
7-9 ottobre
2004, Città di Castello: Fiera delle Utopie Concrete sul tema : La mobilità cambia movimento,
Vivibilità e sostenibilità dei centri urbani. (la Fiera promuove e
presenta esperienze e soluzioni della conversione ecologica dell'economia e
della società). Comprende un
Corso di formazione "Pianificazione e
attuazione della mobilità sostenibile nei centri urbani"; il
sito conteva un approfondimento di Ray Lorenzo,L'auto contro l'infanzia
e la vita comunitaria ora reperibile su web.archive.org : http://web.archive.org/web/20041027000128/http://www.utopieconcrete.it/Relazione_lorenzo.html.
BlaBlaCar, servizio di condivisione dell'auto via Web.
carpooling.com, Europe's largest carpooling network.
Carpooling.com connects people in over 40 countries so they can share their rides. Today the site is available in 7 languages: English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish and Spanish.
Francesco Ciari (IVT – ETH Zurich),
Why do people carpool? Results from a Swiss survey. Conference paper Swiss Transport Research Conference (STRC 2012), Monte Verità (CH),
May 2 - 4, 2012, 25 p. [formato PDF, 190 kB].
"A recent study aimed to estimate the potential of carpooling in Switzerland. Part of this study was a survey in which the attitude of the public towards this transport option was investigated using both multi-response questions and a stated preference (SP) experiment. This paper reports on the results of the multi-response questionnaire. The main contribution of this paper is to give an insight on the reasons that motivate Swiss people to consider car-pooling as a possible alternative to driving alone with their own private car. Additionally, a subset of the questionnaire was the basis for factor analysis and cluster analysis. Four different clusters were found which are supposed to represent the main orientations toward carpooling among the population. This analysis is valuable to figure out possible strategies in order to introduce carpooling at a larger scale in Switzerland. The results of the questionnaire show that some parts of the population would be ready to embrace this mode of transport, in some cases even enthusiastically. This is true in particular for well educated, relatively affluent people. However, the responses suggest also that in order to exploit this potential, a system able to address some of the typical issues related to carpooling should be set-up. Safety is important but not the most important issue for potential participants. Practical aspects, like the guarantee of being able to go back home as a passenger if pools are arranged on a one-way basis, are those which worry respondents the most and, therefore, the most critical for carpooling success."
Développer une infrastructure de covoiturage? Opportunités et spécifications d'une organisation fonctionnelle et spatiale en vue d'une
expérimentation en Ile-de-France. Rapport complet. SETEC international, Paris, Juin 2010, 207 p. [formato PDF, 3,51 MB].
"Alors que beaucoup d'efforts sont portés sur les enjeux organisationnels du covoiturage (gestion dynamique de l'appariement
des covoitureurs, développement des sites Internet, solutions via la téléphonie mobile, etc.), les besoins en termes d'infrastructures
spécifiques nécessaires au développement du covoiturage spontané ou organisé ont été peu explorés, même si les aires de covoiturage
en France se sont beaucoup développées depuis le début de l'étude (janvier 2009).
Le postulat de la présente recherche est que le développement du covoiturage nécessite la création d'une nouvelle infrastructure :
un réseau de stations de covoiturage. Avec des stations bien organisées, bien localisées et offrant un maillage pertinent,
le covoiturage pourrait en effet trouver sa place dans le système de mobilité en étant un des éléments d'une offre globale de transport
alternative à l'automobile comme mode individuel. Cette place, nécessairement complémentaire aux transports en commun, et tirant
également parti du développement des modes doux, pourrait permettre d'entraîner des reports modaux importants, notamment pour les
déplacements domicile - travail. L'existence de stations orientées vers l'amélioration du covoiturage régulier et la prise en charge
du dossier par des autorités publiques peuvent permettre de lever les verrous limitant les initiatives qui ont déjà vu le jour dans
la sphère des systèmes et services."
DeinBus. Die Idee hinter DeinBus.de ist die einer "Busmitfahrzentrale". Einzelne Personen gründen eine Busfahr-Gruppe für eine bestimmte
Strecke und suchen Mitfahrer. Finden sich genügend Leute zusammen, organisiert DeinBus.de einen Reisebus samt Fahrer.
(Noleggio collettivo di autobus per effettuare singoli viaggi in comune, le prenotazioni si fanno in rete.
In Germania la legge proibisce il trasporto di linea su autobus a lunga distanza e concede il monopolio alle ferrovie, il sistema "DeinBus"
cerca di evitare questo divieto).
eRideShare.com (United States, Canada, Asia, Europe).
Covoiturage Grand Lyon, le portail du covoiturage dans le Grand Lyon.
Autostradecarpooling. Servizio di car pooling organizzato da Autostrade per l'Italia sulle autostrade A8 e A9 (Milano-Varese e Milano-Como).
Le autovetture con a bordo almeno 4 passeggeri hanno a disposizione una pista riservata al casello Milano Nord e pagano 50 centesimi di euro di pedaggio,
anzichè 1,40 euro, dal lunedì al venerdì (escluse festività infrasettimanali), in due fasce orarie distinte.
RoadSharing, servizio di Car pooling ed Autostop per trovare passaggi in auto, inquinare meno e risparmiare anche in autostrada.
Lingue: English, Italiano, Français, Español, Deutsch.
passaggio.it è il portale di car pooling che permette a chi cerca e a chi offre passaggi auto in Italia e in Europa di mettersi facilmente in contatto e viaggiare insieme.
mitfahrgelegenheit.de ist die unabhängige Mitfahrzentrale im Internet zur Vermittlung von Mitfahrgelegenheiten in Deutschland und Europa.
Carpoolplaza. Le site de référence du covoiturage partout en Belgique. Sito in lingua francese e fiamminga.
Covoiturage-gif.fr, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Sito e servizio di car pooling realizzato per il comune di Gif-sur-Yvette dalla ditta Green Cove Ingénierie.
Londonliftshare. Servizio di car pooling organizzato dall'azienda Transport for London.
"Londonliftshare simply matches you with others wanting to travel in the same direction so you can share
the journey and the costs. It allows you to benefit from the convenience of the car, whilst alleviating the
associated problems of congestion and pollution."
Paola Stolfa (Mobility manager Comune di Pesaro),
Progetto mobilità condivisa. Presentazione Car pooling.
Pesaro, 28 maggio 2008, 16 slides [formato PDF, 644 kB].
"Il progetto di car pooling sarà attivo da settembre per i dipendenti degli enti ed associazioni aderenti all'
Osservatorio Tempi e Mobilità." Il servizio dovrebbe comprendere una polizza infortuni, un buono-taxi per imprevisti e
dei buoni per la parziale copertura dei costi per gli autisti.
Emidio Panna,
Il car pooling urbano-rurale. Progetto sperimentale di car-pooling in Provincia di Bergamo.
Presentazione al convegno "Mobilità leggera per aree fragili", Rovigo, 15 marzo 2008,
30 slides [formato PDF, 918 kB].
Carpooling a Bergamo. Progetto sperimentale di car-pooling Bergamo organizzato dalla Cooperativa Sociale La Ringhiera
di Albino, sostenuto dagli Enti Istituzionali quali la Provincia, Comune e ACI di Bergamo, e finanziato da alcune aziende private del territorio bergamasco.
Jean-Christophe Ballet, Robert Clavel,
Le covoiturage en France et en Europe. État des lieux et perspectives. (Rapports d’étude)
Certu, Lyon, 2007, 86 p. [formato PDF, 1,42 MB].
(disponibile anche su www.certu.fr , necessaria registrazione gratuita)
"Cette étude dresse un état des lieux des services de covoiturage en France et à l'étranger, en analysant l'ampleur
du phénomène par le biais d'éléments quantitatifs collectés via internet. Elle donne également des
éléments de recommandations pour encourager la pratique et franchir la « barrière psychologique » qui est un
des freins importants. Le thème du covoiturage dynamique, service particulièrement souple de covoiturage,
est également évoqué en mettant en lumière certaines expérimentations et outils techniques à disposition pour
permettre une bonne exploitation."
Covoiturage.fr. Le site national du covoiturage (France).
123envoiture.com. Covoiturage en France et en Europe.
E-covoiturage.ch
servizio gratuito sostenuto dalla Confederazione Svizzera (in francese e tedesco)
InMacchinaInsieme.com
portale dedicato alla condivisione di percorsi automobilistici brevi e lunghi che fa incontrare i bisogni di guidatori che offrono posti auto liberi e viaggiatori che ricercano un passaggio
(Italia)
Muoversi Meglio
servizio di Car Pooling in Italia
Tandem è un software di car pooling che permette a persone che compiono lo stesso percorso ad orari compatibili di comunicare tra loro e organizzarsi in equipaggi al fine di condividere il tragitto verso una destinazione comune
(servizio offerto dalla ditta Img Internet).
RideShare
Piattaforma online per condividere i viaggi
in Svizzera. Sito in tedesco, francese ed italiano. (Servizio gratuito, bisogna
possedere un telefono cellulare).
CAR SHARING / CAR CLUBS / AUTOPARTAGE ( = uso in comune di un parco auto)
Romeo Danielis, Lucia Rotaris, Andrea Rusich, Eva Valeri (Univ. di Trieste),
The potential demand for carsharing from university students: an Italian case study. (Working paper SIET).
SIET, 2015, 25 p. [formato PDF, 1,13 MB].
"The paper presents a methodology to estimate the potential demand for carsharing from university students. The methodology is based on two surveys: a paper-and-pencil questionnaire and a detailed computer-assisted interview. The data collected are used to operationalize a model that estimates the generalized cost under alternative scenarios, with and without carsharing. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used to estimate the probability that a person would use carsharing. The methodology has been tested with the students enrolled at the University of Trieste. The main finding is that, under the prevailing conditions, 32% of the sample students would benefit in terms of generalised cost from the use of carsharing if private car was unavailable. The model is also used to perform scenario analysis."
Diana Jorge, Gonçalo Correia (Univ. of Coimbra),
Carsharing systems demand estimation and defined operations: a literature review.
European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, EJTIR 13(3), 2013, pp.201-220 [formato PDF, 401 KB].
"Efforts have been made in the last few decades to provide new urban transport alternatives. One of these is carsharing, which
involves a fleet of vehicles scattered around a city for the use of a group of members. At first, part of the research effort was put
into setting up real life experiments with vehicle fleets and observing the performance of major private operators. In the meantime,
with the growth of this alternative and the need to better plan its deployment, researchers started to create more advanced methods to
study carsharing systems’ planning issues. In this paper, we review those methods, identifying gaps and suggesting how to bridge them
in the future. Based on that review we concluded that carsharing demand is difficult to model due to the fact that the availability of
vehicles is intrinsically dependent on the number of trips and vice versa. Moreover, despite the existence of carsharing simulation
models that offer very detailed mobility representations, no model is able to characterise accurately the supply side, thus hindering
the cost-benefit assessment that is fundamental to justify investment in this transport alternative, in particular those that are being
endorsed by the European Union. More complex, however, is the operation of the emerging one-way carsharing systems, where a vehicle may
be dropped off at any station, which adds uncertainty as to the location where vehicles can be picked up. Several optimisation approaches
have been proposed to mitigate this problem but they are always limited in scope and leave other aspects out for model simplification
purposes. Some simulation models have also been developed to study the performance of this type of carsharing system, but they have not
included ways of balancing the vehicle stocks."
Green Move, un servizio innovativo di vehicle sharing (Milano, Italy).
Green Move (GM) è un progetto di mobilità sostenibile sviluppato dal Politecnico di Milano e finanziato da Regione Lombardia, con l’obiettivo di ideare e sperimentare un nuovo sistema di car sharing con veicoli elettrici per ll’area di Milano.
Green Move punta a innovare la concezione dei servizi di sharing esistenti, attraverso una logica dinamica e aperta, basata su standardizzazione, interoperabilità, multi-business. GM supera infatti la concezione dei servizi a unico gestore, permettendo l’ingresso di vari operatori di car-sharing e di flotte aziendali, fino al singolo utente che desideri condividere la propria auto (peer-to-peer social vehicle sharing). Il tutto supportato da un’architettura tecnologia che permette a qualsiasi veicolo di integrarsi nell’offerta Green Move.
Alberto Colorni (Politecnico di Milano),
Green Move: a (sustainable) project of electric vehicle sharing for the city of Milan. Relazione a "Conception innovante des
politiques publiques", Université Paris-Dauphine, 28.03.2013, 76 slides [file PDF, 4,68 MB].
"The objective of the project Green Move is to design and implement a vehicle-sharing system in Milan, able to offer to users different categories of ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicles). The system aims to be open, standardized, interoperable, modular and multi-business, in order to support the spread of the service both on the territory and among new vehicle fleets owners and users.
The key characteristics of the service are the following.
1. Multi-ownership: the system will offer the opportunity for single users, private companies, associations, etc, to join the service not only using vehicles provided by the service itself but also sharing their personal electric car or fleet. The project aims to apply a peer2peer approach in the field of sustainable mobility: this is made possible thanks to a standardized (possible to be installed to any commercial vehicle) access system that will represent the bridge between the user, the vehicle and the control center. The to join the service.
2. Key-less-mobility: personal smartphone is the main tool to use shared vehicles; the application can solve seamlessly all the steps of the vehicle-sharing experience (registration, booking, localization vehicles, enabling the vehicle, lock-unlock for intermediate stops, navigation, re-fueling, billing, …).
3. Intermodality: the service is defined as a vehicle-sharing system offering to users a multi-modal fleets. One of the limitations of traditional sharing system is to offer to users a single typology of vehicle (usually car or bike). Potentially the system can be integrated with vehicle sharing already in place.
4. Multi-business: the standardized way to join the system gives the chance to design alternative services and flexible mobility solutions.
5. Green mobility credits: the opportunity to profile the user and to link his behavior to the effective consumption of energy makes possible to satisfy the personal will of low impact life style and to set up a credits system able to repay virtuous behavior.
Focusing on the five listed above innovative points, the design of the full scale service will be projected by a multi-criteria analysis of a wide number of possible alternatives in order to identify the most feasible and effective one.
A trial to test the operating modes and the service efficiency is now carried out with electric vehicles and docking stations in a specific area of Milan. The performance of the service in term of accessibility and usability for the user will be measured with specific monitoring system."
John Moore, Jacob Rodriguez, Masayo Tokuhiro and Christopher Wang,
Where Should the Public Sector Invest in Alternative Modes of Transport? A Comparative Study of Car Clubs and Electric Vehicles in London,
The London School of Economics & Political Science in conjunction with Arup, March 2012, 70 p. [formato PDF, 0,98 MB].
"The objective of this report is to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis to identify which of two alternatives – car clubs or electric vehicles (EVs) – might provide the greatest overall return through 2021, and therefore merits priority within London‘s strategic considerations.
We ultimately conclude from our analysis that:
1. From the perspective of the public sector, car clubs provide a total social benefit that is four-times as great as that of EVs;
2. Much of this discrepancy in total social benefit stems from the reduction of CO2 and improved air quality, which car clubs contribute to significantly more than EVs;
3. From the perspective of the individual consumer, car clubs appeal to consumers across a wider spectrum of income levels than do EVs;
4. EVs still represent a highly positive social investment and significant opportunities to integrate EVs with car clubs.
From these findings, we recommend that London's policymakers focus primarily on promoting car clubs over EVs in the short term.
Specifically, they should: 1) increase their allocation of car club-designated parking spaces; 2) consider larger parking infrastructure projects for car club vehicles; 3) explore tax incentives for car club operators and consumers; and 4) help build consumer awareness of the benefits of car clubs outlined in this report by engaging in targeted marketing techniques, such as advertising throughout bus and tube networks.
Since our analysis reveals a significantly positive net present value for EVs as well, policymakers should: 1) continue subsidising EV-related costs and investing in London‘s charging network; 2) focus on finding ways to enable vehicle manufactures to reduce the price of EVs, such as subsidies on R&D, battery research or direct tax incentives; and 3) promote the integration of EVs into car clubs."
Marco Kouwenhoven, Eric Kroes, Cyrille Gazave, Eric Tardivel,
Estimating potential demand for Autolib' - a new transport system for Paris, International Choice Modelling Conference 2011,
Leeds, 4-6 July 2011, 19 p. [formato PDF, 418 kB].
"The City of Paris, together with surrounding “communes”, has created a public authority to
investigate the possibility to launch by the end of 2011 a new transport system: Autolib'. The
project is related to the highly successful Velib' project that was installed in Paris a few years
ago. Autolib' is essentially a system of 4,000 “shared” electric cars that can be used for oneway
trips of limited distance between 1,400 parking points within central Paris and the
surrounding regions. Details of the fare system are still being studied, but it is envisioned that
the user would pay a subscription fee and a variable cost depending on the duration of use.
And importantly: there would be a guaranteed parking space at the destination of the trip.
Avis, RATP, SNCF and VINCI Park formed a consortium to bid for the operation of the
Autolib' system. They have commissioned research to estimate the potential demand and
revenue for the new Autolib' service with the highest possible accuracy. This to help them to
shape the service in the best possible way, to determine the financial conditions and the economic basis of the project.
In the paper we briefly introduce the proposed new system, and report the stated choice
research that was carried out to estimate the potential demand. The following three experiments were conducted:
a stated intentions exercise to measure the absolute willingness to subscribe to the
new Autolib' concept for different specifications of the system and its pricing;
a stated choice experiment to measure preferences for different combinations of
characteristics in the specification of the Autolib' system and its pricing;
a stated choice experiment investigating mode choice among three alternatives:
chosen mode, best alternative mode, newly proposed mode in varying specifications.
In the paper we describe the chosen methodology, the way in which the results of the three
experiments have been integrated, the implementation of the population simulator and what
we feel are five important elements in estimating potential demand for a new transport mode using stated choice experiments."
Susan A. Shaheen, Adam P. Cohen, Elliot Martin (Univ. of California, Berkeley),
Carsharing Parking Policy: A Review of North American Practices and San Francisco Bay Area Case Study, (Research Report UCD-ITS-RR-10-08),
2010 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, March 15, 2010. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 20 p. [formato PDF, 1,68 MB].
"Carsharing provides users access to a shared vehicle fleet for short-term use throughout the day,
reducing the need for private vehicles. The provision of on-street and public off-street parking
dedicated to carsharing is an important policy area confronting public agencies. As of July 2009,
approximately 377,600 individuals were carsharing members in North America in about 57
metropolitan areas. A total of 17 jurisdictions, one state (California), and eight public transit
operators in North America have formal and informal carsharing parking policies, pilot projects,
and proposed legislation. These are reviewed in this paper, along with a framework for
carsharing parking policy that reflects three levels of governmental support.
In addition, the authors examine carsharing parking policies in three jurisdictions in the
San Francisco Bay Area, which accounts for an estimated 50,000 carsharing members and 1,100
shared-use vehicles. Supporting this examination is an intercept survey on carsharing parking
(n=425) conducted in the Bay Area. Results show that most people supported the conversion of
some type of spaces for carsharing use, and 48% thought that carsharing organizations should
compensate the city for on-street spaces. At the same time, converting most types of spaces was
opposed by at least 20% of respondents. Neighborhood residents were generally more in favor of
parking conversion for carsharing than people visiting the area for work or errands. Finally, a
majority (61%) felt that non-profits should have priority over for-profit organizations for
carsharing spaces and should pay less than for-profit organizations."
Frédérique Prédali et Sophie Laurent,
Autopartage et covoiturage à Londres, Berlin et Madrid. Quelle offre et quel rôle des pouvoirs publics ?
Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme d'Île-de-France, Paris, Juillet 2010, 50 p. [formato PDF, 4,08 MB].
"Cette étude se situe dans la série des analyses comparatives entre les métropoles
européennes de Londres, Berlin et Madrid pour apporter des éléments de référence sur la
situation et les marges de progrès en Île-de-France. Les principales questions qui se
posent et auxquelles cette étude tente de répondre pour les métropoles de Londres, Berlin
et Madrid sont les suivantes :
· quel est le paysage de l'autopartage et du covoiturage ?
· comment s'organisent et fonctionnent l'offre et les pratiques : rôle des pouvoirs
publics, liens avec l'autorité organisatrice de transport, financement de l'offre,
tarifs, aménagements, articulation avec les transports collectifs, avec les taxis… ?
· quels éléments intéressants peut-on en tirer pour alimenter la réflexion en Île-de-France ?
L'étude propose un panorama de l'offre et des pratiques de l'autopartage et du
covoiturage dans ces trois métropoles, sur la base des éléments de connaissance
disponibles, et tente d'en tirer des enseignements ou de mettre en avant des thèmes de
réflexion particuliers à approfondir."
Marco Silvestri (Genova Car Sharing Spa),
Il Car Sharing a Genova e Savona. Workshop "Il ruolo del Car Sharing per un'offerta integrata dei servizi di Trasporto Pubblico Locale",
Roma, 12 ottobre 2010, 25 slides [formato PDF, 807 kB] in: Atti del workshop [file zip, 22,8 MB].
Adam P. Cohen, Susan A. Shaheen, and Ryan McKenzie,
Carsharing: a guide for local planners.
American Planning Association, May/June 2008, 11 p. [formato PDF, 136 kB].
"Transportation issues can create seemingly no-win conflicts for planners,
whether it's dealing with traffic demand management, wrangling over
parking requirements, addressing quality of life issues that accompany
traffic congestion, or trying to reduce vehicle emissions to forestall
climate change. A new "product-as-service" approach to vehicle use, called
carsharing, is springing up in major metropolitan markets, smaller
districts, and university campuses all across the country. Where the
conditions are right to support carsharing, these programs can give
planners another flexible tool to help address these issues in their
communities. Carsharing: A Guide for Local Planners provides an overview
of what local governments and urban planners need to know about carsharing
and key policies that can be used to encourage carsharing as a
transportation alternative in your city."
Sintetica guida con esempi di car sharing negli USA e bibliografia.
Marco Mastretta (ICS),
Lo sviluppo del servizio di car sharing in Italia: analisi delle principali esperienze nazionali
e linee evolutive. Relazione a MobilityTech, Bologna, 29-30.10.2007,
82 slides [file PDF, 5,46 MB].
Nicola Nassisi (Atc Bologna),
Car sharing a Bologna. Relazione a MobilityTech, Bologna, 29.10.2007,
17 slides [file PDF, 274 KB].
Claudia Nobis (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt, Institut für Verkehrsforschung),
Car Sharing as a Key Contribution to Multimodal and Sustainable Mobility Behavior - the Situation of Car Sharing in Germany.
Transportation Research Record No. 1986 (2006) p. 89-97 [formato PDF, 112 KB].
"The present paper investigates, on the basis of a household survey, the awareness and the market potential of mobility service
car sharing in Germany. The results show that the majority of the respondents do not know what the term car sharing stands for.
Even within the sub-group of people who could explain what car sharing is, local car sharing offers are not well known. To
measure the attitudes towards the different modes of transport and the acceptance of the general idea to share a car with other
people, statement batteries were used. On the basis of factor analyses, linear and logistic regression models, the factors are
determined that influence whether a person has a liking for car sharing or not. Furthermore, the correlation between attitudes
and behavioral aspects are revealed. In this context, people with multimodal mobility behavior are found to be more open-minded
for shared used vehicle systems. Finally, by taking subjective (attitudes) and objective criteria (current mobility behavior)
into account, the potential of car sharing is estimated. The paper starts with a short history of the development and the current
status quo of car sharing in Germany and a brief summary of the previous research. In the end recommendations for the further development of car sharing are given."
Susan A. Shaheen, Adam P. Cohen, and J. Darius Roberts (Univ. of California, Berkeley),
Carsharing in North America. Market Growth, Current Developments, and Future Potentials.
Transportation Research Record No. 1986 (2006) p. 116-124 [formato PDF, 2,04 MB].
Adam Millard-Ball, Gail Murray, Jessica ter Schure, Christine Fox and Jon Burkhardt,
The
Car-Sharing: Where and How It Succeeds. (Transit Cooperative Research Program, TCRP Report 108),
Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 2005, 264 p. [formato PDF, 10,4 MB].
"This report has covered some of the most important topics regarding
car-sharing in North America. It has demonstrated that car-sharing
brings substantial benefits in terms of reduced vehicle ownership
and travel, and improved mobility. It can help partners such as
developers, employers, universities, local governments and transit
agencies achieve their goals."
Pau Noy Serrano,
El carsharing como instrumento de cambio al transporte público
. (IV Jornada Técnica del Observatorio de la Movilidada Metropolitana).
Barcelona, 27 de marzo de 2007, 25 slides [formato PowerPoint, 2,13 MB].
Introduzione al car sharing con dati sulla sua affermazione in Spagna e un confronto
sulla crescita degli utenti a Strasburgo, Torino, Bruxelles e Barcellona.
Torsten Perner, Patrick Schöne, Hagen Brosig,
Das Dresdner Modell. Car-Sharing und ÖPVN. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage
(Il modello di Dresda. Car sharing e TPL. Risultati di un'inchiesta)
Dresden, 2000, 106 p. [formato PDF, 1,75 MB].
Dati, caratteristiche, motivazioni e comportamenti nel car sharing di Dresda, con
un approfondimento sulle relazioni con il sistema di trasporto pubblico locale.
Il rapporto constata che il successo del car sharing dipende fortemente dalla sua
integrazione in una rete di trasporto pubblico.
Willi Loose, Inventory
and Criteria for further Development of Car Sharing in Germany and Europe,
ECOMM 2004, May 5-7, Lyon, 12 slides [formato PDF, 1,57 MB]. Un'istantanea
del car sharing in Europa, con dati su Germania e Svizzera.
momo Car-Sharing, a European project supported by IEE - Intelligent Energy Europe (2009-2011).
The key objective of momo is to contribute significantly to sustainable mobility patterns by establishing a mobility culture
which is based on using various transport options instead of car ownership. Car-Sharing has a great, but mostly unexploited,
potential in Europe.
Progetto europeo
moses: mobility services for urban sustainability : portale dedicato al Car sharing realizzato in 8
città europee. (Moses will develop mobility services to reduce dependence on the private car on a European
scale - without restricting mobility. The existing small-scale system of
Car-Sharing is to be improved significantly, with better service, integrated
innovative technologies, intermodal co-operation with
other mobility services (e.g. public transport, taxi, cycling, delivery
services etc.) and integration of these innovative services into strategies of
urban revitalisation and new developments to increase urban efficiency.) Contiene documenti, presentazioni a convegni, relazioni sulle
realizzazioni.
Carplus: rethinking car use, (UK). Portale.
"Carplus is the national charity promoting responsible car use. Carplus
plays a unique bridging role between green transport organisations
and the motoring lobby. Whilst recognising the benefits cars bring to society, Carplus is acutely
aware of the financial, environmental, social and health costs of motoring
today. Responsible car use embraces vehicle choice, alternative fuel technology, minimising car use, car clubs,
car-sharing, improved driving behaviour, promoting journey planning,
responsible disposal of cars, and all aspects of how we perceive and use the car."
Contiene il sito dei Car Clubs, versione inglese del car sharing, e ampie informazioni sul car sharing.
ICS - Iniziativa Car Sharing,
portale italiano dedicato al car sharing.
ICS è la struttura di coordinamento delle realtà locali del Car Sharing,
promossa e sostenuta dal Ministero dell'Ambiente, per fornire assistenza alle
città che intendano sviluppare sistemi di Car Sharing con l'obbiettivo di
istituire uno standard nazionale operativo e tecnologico, procedure unificate
in una prospettiva unitaria ed evidenziare le caratteristiche che una
organizzazione deve avere per avviare con successo un servizio di Car Sharing.
Car Sharing Bologna, gestito dall'ATC (azienda trasporti
pubblici) di Bologna, ha delle ottime FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions = risposte ai quesiti più richiesti) sul Car Sharing
Car sharing BZ (Bolzano) cooperativa
promossa dall'Ökoinstitut Südtirol/Alto Adige
Ubeeqo (Milano).
Società specializzata in carsharing presente nelle principali città europee. Ha preso il posto di GuidaMI, società di ATM (Azienda Trasporti Milanesi), già Car Sharing Italia s.r.l.,
società che aveva assorbito Milano Car Sharing, fondata da Legambiente Lombardia.
CarCityClub.
Società mista attivata nel 2002, gestisce il servizio di car sharing nei comuni di Torino e Rivoli.
Genova Car Sharing.
Società mista costituita nel 2003, gestisce il servizio di car sharing a Genova.
CarSharingFirenze.
Azienda mista, gestisce il servizio di car sharing a Firenze, Scandicci, Sesto Fiorentino.
Car Sharing Palermo.
Comune di Genova,
Il car sharing a Genova: presentazione del nuovo Servizio di Mobilità,
aprile 2004, 13 slides [formato PDF, 1,69 MB]
già
Mobility Car Sharing Schweiz (Svizzera)
Nato da una cooperativa fondata nel 1987, ha raggiunto oggi il numero di
59.400 utenti del servizio. Il sito contiene documenti, dati sul funzionamento
del carsharing, relazioni annuali sull'andamento economico della società (in
lingua tedesca e francese).
CarSharing.at, offerta presente in tutte le principali città dell'Austria, soprattutto a Vienna.
cambio België / Belgique.
Organizzazione per il car sharing del Belgio. Sito in lingua francese, fiamminga, tedesca e inglese.
L'auto-partage en France.
Sito informativo sul car sharing in Francia (dagli inizi al 2004).
Avancar.
Azienda per il car sharing in Catalogna (e prima azienda di questo tipo in Spagna), nata nel 2004
con la partecipazione degli enti locali. Sito in lingua catalana, spagnola e inglese.
Caisse-Commune.
Depuis avril 1999, est la première société à développer le concept d'autopartage en France.
Greenwheels. Azienda che gestisce la rete di car sharing in Olanda.
CS-FF Carsharing-Fachforum
Wiki in lingua tedesca, destinato agli organizzatori del car sharing.
Zipcar,
grande azienda di car sharing diffusa negli Stati Uniti, Canada e Gran Bretagna.
"Zipcar is the world's largest car sharing and car club provider".
AutoShare - Car Sharing Network Inc.
Azienda di car sharing di Toronto (Canada).
Communauto.
Azienda di car sharing nel Québec e a Montréal (Canada), nata nel 1994.
"Communauto fait figure de pionnière en Amérique, en tant que gestionnaire du plus ancien et de l'un des plus importants services d'autopartage à avoir vu le jour de ce côté-ci de l’Atlantique".
CAR SHARING TRA PRIVATI, PEER-TO-PEER
Ilaria Mariotti, Paolo Beria, Antonio Laurino (Politecnico di Milano),
Car sharing peer-to-peer: un'analisi empirica sulla città di Milano,
Rivista di Economia e Politica dei Trasporti (REPoT), 2013, n° 3, articolo 5, 16 p. [formato PDF, 878 kB]
"I sistemi di carsharing (di seguito CS) sono considerati un'alternativa promettente all'auto privata. Nonostante diverse iniziative si siano sviluppate nel mondo, l’impatto reale sulla mobilità privata rimane ancora trascurabile. Una delle possibili evoluzioni del carsharing è rappresentata dal carsharing “peer to peer” (di seguito P2P) per il quale le auto non sono fornite centralmente da un gestore, ma sono di proprietà di singoli individui che le affittano nei momenti di non utilizzo in cambio di un ritorno economico. A partire da un’indagine svolta nel 2012 tra gli abitanti del comune di Milano, l’articolo cerca di individuare i principali fattori che favoriscono l’adesione ad un sistema di carsharing P2P. In particolare, la probabilità di adesione ad un sistema P2P è indagata attraverso un’analisi econometrica che si avvale di due modelli a scelta discreta: un modello logit binomiale e un modello logit multinomiale. Quest’ultimo consente di investigare la probabilità di condividere l’auto personale tra diversi gruppi di persone (nessuno; amici, colleghi e vicini; chiunque). L’articolo contribuisce alla ricerca, ancora in nuce, sul tema P2P e rappresenta il primo tentativo di analizzare, attraverso una indagine specifica, la propensione ad aderire ad uno schema P2P di condivisione dell'auto personale."
Contrat d'assurance adapté à l'autopartage entre particuliers. Guide à l'attention des autopartageurs et des assureurs.
ADETEC, La Bourboule, 2013, 36 p. [formato PDF, 1,62 MB].
Document réalisé par ADETEC avec le financement de la Direction Générale des Infrastructures, des Transports et de la Mer (DGITM)
du Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et de l'Energie.
Guide pratique de l'autopartage entre particuliers. Une solution économique, écologique, souple et conviviale.
ADETEC, La Bourboule, 2013, 30 p. [formato PDF, 1,51 MB].
«Quand vous avez envie d'un verre de lait, achetez-vous une vache? Alors, pourquoi acheter
une voiture quand vous n'en avez besoin que de temps en temps?».
Document réalisé par ADETEC avec le financement de la Direction Générale des Infrastructures, des Transports et de la Mer (DGITM)
du Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et de l'Energie.
Autonetzer, Privates Carsharing (Germania).
Im Vergleich zu klassischen Mietwagen- und Carsharing-Anbietern steht hinter Autonetzer.de keine große Organisation mit eigenen Autos, sondern Privatpersonen, die ihr Auto besser auslasten möchten. Daher ist "Autonetzen" im Vergleich zu anderen Angeboten meist deutlich günstiger und man baut sich sein persönliches Carsharing Netzwerk direkt in der Nachbarschaft auf! Zudem ist privates Carsharing nachhaltiger, da es auf bestehende Ressourcen zurückgreift, statt neue anzuschaffen.
Autopia est un service proposé par l'asbl Taxistop, dont le but est de mettre en place et de promouvoir le carsharing privé (Belgio).
Autopia is het Vlaams steunpunt voor particulier autodelen en heeft als doel duurzame, mens- en milieuvriendelijke mobiliteit te bevorderen, meer bepaald via het particulier autodelen.
Nachbarschaftsauto, Autos privat leihen und verleihen (Germania).
tamyca
ist Deutschlands erste Plattform für Carsharing unter Privatpersonen (sog. „peer-to-peer carsharing“). Vermieter stellen ihr Auto gelegentlich zur Verfügung, wenn sie es selbst nicht benötigen und legen dabei ihre eigenen Bedingungen fest. Mieter können diese Angebote der Vermieter online miteinander vergleichen und bequem das passende Auto buchen. Als Vermittler begleitet tamyca diesen Vorgang und hat hierfür maßgeschneiderte Abläufe, Verträge und Versicherungen entwickelt
(Germania).
PosodiAvto je prva slovenska skupnost za souporabo vozil (Slovenia).
WhipCar (attivo nel Regno Unito).
WhipCar is the world’s first neighbour to neighbour car rental service, connecting car owners with approved local drivers across the whole of the UK. A better way to run a car since 2010.
DriveMyCar Rentals (DMCR)
is a web-based service that promotes and facilitates private Car Rentals, also known as peer-to-peer (“P2P”) car sharing. The DMCR platform connects Drivers with Car Owners willing to rent out their Car. By renting privately, Car Owners can offset some or all of the fixed costs of car ownership. The benefits of the service extend to Drivers as well, giving them access to the largest range of private use vehicles in Australia, with savings of up to 80%, compared to traditional car rental prices. By offering over 40 car makes across short and long-term rental periods, DMCR fills a gap in the market not currently serviced by the car rental or automotive leasing sector
(Australia).
Wheelz "is the only car sharing platform that provides the benefits of car ownership and car sharing".
Sistema di carsharing tra privati situato presso numerose università degli Stati Uniti.
CENTRI DI RICERCA E INFORMAZIONE SULLA MOBILITA' URBANA SOSTENIBILE
Innovative Mobility Research (IMR) is a group of researchers whose projects explore and evaluate innovative applications of new
technologies, policies, and evaluation tools that seek to simultaneously expand and enhance the available transportation choices; better
manage demand for transportation services; and improve the environment. IMR designs research projects and conducts evaluations
throughout California, the U.S., and internationally. It is based at the Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC) at
the University of California, Berkeley.
The
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC) is a national clearinghouse for information about health and safety, engineering, advocacy, education,
enforcement, access, and mobility for pedestrians (including transit users) and bicyclists. The PBIC serves anyone interested in pedestrian and bicycle
issues, including planners, engineers, private citizens, advocates, educators, police enforcement, and the health community.
Rue de l'Avenir (RdA)
est un groupe-conseil indépendant, actif en Suisse romande, au service des communes, des professionnels, des associations de parents et des groupes d'habitants.
OPMUS
(Osservatorio sulle politiche per la mobilità urbana sostenibile), promosso da Isfort e coordinato da Gerardo
Marletto, contiene rapporti, studi e informazioni.
Observatoire universitaire de la ville et du développement durable,
Institut de géographie de l'Université de Lausanne (IGUL) (CH)
Das
Internationale Mobilitätszentrum (IMZ) ist eine Einrichtung zur Förderung stadtverträglicher, umweltfreundlicher und gesundheitsfördernder Mobilitätsformen. Ziel ist es zum einen, durch praxisbezogene Kurse und Schulungen Menschen vermehrt zur Nutzung muskelbetriebener Fahrzeuge zu bewegen. Zum anderen will das IMZ durch Diskussionsveranstaltungen, Vorträge, Events, Informationsbereitstellung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zum fachlichen Austausch anregen.
(Green City e.V., München) (D)
Mobilität ist Kultur,
sito della città di Zurigo (CH) dedicato
alla cultura della mobilità, la strategia della mobilità adottata dalla città
di Zurigo, dati, informazioni, consigli e il gioco di simulazione MOBILITY (sito in lingua tedesca). Rimanda anche al
sito Velostadt
Züri dedicato alla mobilità in bicicletta.
Ben Shaw, Martha Bicket, Bridget Elliott, Ben Fagan-Watson and Elisabetta Mocca, with Mayer Hillman,
Children’s Independent Mobility: an international comparison and recommendations for action.
Policy Studies Institute, University of Westminster, London, July 2015, 92 p. [formato PDF, 2,75 MB].
"The study documents and compares children’s independent mobility in 16 countries
across the world. It reviews the policy responses that have been made and how these
could be developed to respond to the levels of independent mobility observed."
Ruth Kaufmann-Hayoz, Heidi Hofmann, Oliver Tschopp, Martina Blaser (IKAÖ, Bern) und Rolf Steiner, Katja Schori, Rolf Albisser, Rolf (verkehrsteiner, Bern),
Der Verkehr aus Sicht der Kinder: Schulwege von Primarschulkindern in der Schweiz (La circulation du point de vue des enfants: Les trajets
scolaires des élèves du primaire en Suisse / Traffic and children: Primary school children's routes to school in Switzerland),
Bundesamt für Strassen, Bern, Juli 2010, 181 p. [formato PDF, 6,76 MB].
"For several years now, the topics of children’s appropriation of public spaces and children’s mobility
behavior have been increasingly investigated in planning and transportation sciences and in the
fields of developmental psychology and education (e.g., Haefeli & Kaufmann-Hayoz, 2009). The
goal of the present research study was to contribute towards improved consideration of children’s
interests in traffic planning practice. The study aimed to (a) produce a practice-oriented summary
of the diverse research findings in the different disciplines, (b) collect representative and up-to-date
data, and (c) provide illustrative, specific descriptions of typical conditions regarding primary school
children’s routes to school in Switzerland. The research questions focused on traffic hazards on
the way to school and how they are perceived by children and parents, how children travel the
route to school (especially means of transport chosen and reasons for the choice), type and
amount of children’s everyday physical activity, and possible measures to improve the relationship
between children and traffic, especially on routes to school."
Pedibus a Trieste, promosso dalla UISP (Unione Italiana Sport Per Tutti).
Piedibus a Cormons (Go). Promosso dall'associazione Aria.
Piedibus in provincia di Como.
Piedibus Tavagnacco (Ud).
Pedibus Sacile, il sito del Progetto Pedibus della Città di Sacile (PN).
Rossana Casadio,
Progetto Pedibus : a scuola a piedi. Relazione 2007/2008.
Comune di Sacile, 28 giugno 2008, 8 p. [formato PDF, 108 kB].
Roger Mackett, Lindsay Lucas, James Paskins, Jill Turbin (Centre for Transport Studies, UCL)
Walking buses in Hertfordshire: impacts and lessons.
Centre for Transport Studies, University College, London, November 2005, 85 p. [formato PDF, 2,18 MB].
"The report examines a number of walking buses that have been set up in
Hertfordshire, the area immediately to the north of London. The purpose of the
evaluation of walking buses is to establish what the effects of walking bus are, and, as
far as possible, establish a methodology that can be used to examine systematically
initiatives to encourage children to use alternatives to the car, such as cycle training and
pedestrian skills training, as well as walking buses. The data collected for the evaluation
exercise comprises two parts: a postal questionnaire to schools across Hertfordshire
and more detailed research on five case study walking buses within the county. This
report presents the results from these two surveys."
Lothar Eisenmann (ifeu-Institut Heidelberg), Michaela Mohrhardt (VCD e.V.),
Nachhaltige Mobilität in der Schule. Beratungsleitfaden für allgemeinbildende Schulen.
(Mobilità sostenibile nella scuola. Manuale per le scuole dell'obbligo).
Umweltbundesamt, Dessau, 2006, 32 p. [formato PDF, 1,57 MB].
My bus o "yellow buses". "Now 150 brand new yellow buses provide dedicated home-to-school transport for over 9000 pupils at 132 West Yorkshire schools."
Grazie a un finanziamento del governo inglese, da alcuni anni è in corso un progetto per il trasporto casa-scuola
nella regione del West Yorkshire (GB). Circa 150 autobus dedicati trasportano ogni giorno 8.000 scolari delle scuole elementari e medie verso 130 scuole.
Di questi, circa il 70% (elementari) e il 20% (medie) prima veniva accompagnato a scuola in automobile.
The Walking School Bus: Combining Safety, Fun and the Walk to School,
The Walking School Bus Guide.
This guide is intended for parents, teachers, public health educators, bicycle clubs, Safe Route
to School coordinators, law enforcement officers and others who care about increasing the number of
children who walk and bicycle to school in a safe manner. Any one or combination of these individuals
can lead a walking school bus program.
Roger Mackett, Belinda Brown, Yi Gong, Kay Kitazawa, James Paskins,
Setting children free: children's independent movement in the local environment.
(UCL Working Paper Series 118). Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis,
University College, London, March 2007, 154 p. [formato PDF, 429 kB].
"Parental concerns about children's safety and security are restricting children’s
independent exploration of the local environment. Children are being denied important
opportunities to exercise, to acquire decision-making skills, such as crossing the road
safely, and to develop social skills through interaction with their peers. This paper presents
findings from the project CAPABLE (Children’s Activities, Perceptions And Behaviour in
the Local Environment) being carried out at University College London."
[Complete] Safe Routes to School guide, developed by the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information
Center (PBIC) with support from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Institute of
Transportation Engineers (ITE). This guide is maintained by the National Center for Safe Routes to
School at www.saferoutesinfo.org. February 2007, 199 p. [formato PDF, 38 MB].
Safe Routes to School Guidebook, Montana Department of Transportation,
June 2007, 154 p. [formato PDF, 55 KB].
Giuseppe Rossi, Roberto Moretti, Monica Pirone, Walter Locatelli,
Lotta alla sedentarietà: a scuola con il Piedibus,
in: Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, 28 (2004), p. 346-349 [formato PDF, 55 KB].
Valter Baruzzi (a cura di),
Bambini e bambine si fanno strada: percorsi sicuri casa-scuola e altri percorsi di autonomia
(I quaderni di Camina, 1). Imola, La Mandragora, 2002, 145 p. [formato PDF, 1,49 MB].
iwalk ...
(io cammino ...). The official website of International Walk to School.
La campagna internazionale (40 paesi nel 2006) dedica ogni anno l'intero
mese di ottobre alla mobilità degli scolari.
KUM – Forschungs- und
Dokumentationsstelle “Kind und Umwelt“ (Centro studi e documentazione “Il
bambino e l’ambiente”), sezione Kind und Verkehr (Il Bambino e il traffico),
Muri (CH) : studi e documenti sulla mobilità dei bambini, in particolare sui
percorsi casa-scuola (in lingua tedesca). "Kinder kommen
nicht über die Strasse. Fussgängerstreifen werden aufgehoben. Kinder dürfen
nicht mehr im Wohnumfeld spielen usw. Die Forschungs- und Dokumentationsstelle
Kind und Umwelt untersucht diese Fragen seit über 20 Jahren. So konnte sie u.
a. nachweisen, dass der Strassenverkehr nicht nur das Leben, sondern auch die
gesunde Entwicklung der Kinder gefährdet."
Piedibus.it,
Nuovo sito: nasce con lo scopo di diventare un
punto di incontro per tutti coloro che sono coinvolti, nella propria scuola,
nel proprio quartiere o nella propria città, nell’organizzazione di un Piedibus. Vuole raccogliere in un
unico luogo, tutte quelle informazioni, notizie, documenti, e diventare una
“biblioteca” di facile consultazione e di uso immediato, raggruppando in un
unico sito il maggior numero di risorse. Vuole essere inoltre un luogo dove
confrontare le proprie esperienze, aiutare a superare ostacoli o problemi che
altri hanno già affrontato, diffondere e pubblicizzare le varie iniziative.
Vuole raccogliere tutti i contributi possibili e metterli a disposizione di
chiunque abbia interesse o voglia organizzare un Piedibus (percorsi sicuri
casa-scuola).
Vado a scuola a piedi
percorsi sicuri casa scuola, a servizio
degli alunni della scuola elementare Papa Giovanni nel quartiere di Monterosso
(BG). (Piedibus, funziona già da tre anni scolastici)
Schoolway.net [portale] : rete europea per una mobilità da e verso la scuola (in
italiano)
Progetto "A scuola da soli in sicurezza", progetto per le scuole elementari e medie
inferiori del Comune di Reggio Emilia (dal 2002)
Mobilità sostenibile dei poli scolastici, progetto sperimentale Agenda 21 Reggio Emilia
(dal 2001)
Reid Ewing, Christopher V. Forinash, and William Schroeer,
Neighborhood schools and sidewalk connections: what are the impacts on travel mode choice and vehicle emissions?.
TR News 237, March-April 2005, 4-10 [formato PDF, 196 kB].
Pédibus à Lausanne (CH).
Le Pédibus est né à Lausanne... à l'initiative de la déléguée à l'enfance de la ville de Lausanne et des habitants du quartier sous-gare. Face à l'urgence d'offrir une meilleure sécurité aux enfants non seulement aux abords immédiats du collège, mais sur le chemin de l'école, les parents et la déléguée à l'enfance se sont rencontrés en octobre 1998 et ont constitué un groupe de travail qui a mis sur pied le premier Pédibus.
Ce nom splendide de Pédibus, qui image et définit parfaitement l'idée d'un bus à pied, émane d'un habitant du quartier qui s'est souvenu que sa grand-mère, pour dire qu'elle allait à pied, utilisait l'expression «aller à pédibus».
Le Pédibus, ce sont des adultes qui offent aux écoliers un accompagnement à pied sur un trajet de l'école. Les enfants attendent le Pédibus au point de ralliement convenu, pour cheminer avec lui jusqu'à l'école.
A Lausanne, c'est un réseau de 18 km de transports collectifs «à pied»; 32 lignes, de 575 m de longueur moyenne (la plus courte env. 160 m et la plus longue env. 1300 m); avec des horaires pour chaque tête de ligne et arrêt.
Le Pédibus veut parier sur la capacité d'un quartier à faire d'une question individuelle - assurer la sécurité de son enfant sur le chemin de l'école - une question collective: assurer la sécurité des enfants du quartier sur le trajet scolaire.
GESTIONE DELLA SOSTA, PARCHEGGI, PARK AND RIDE
Milos Balac, Francesco Ciari, Rashid A. Waraich,
Modeling the impact of parking price policy on free-floating carsharing: case study for Zurich, Switzerland.
Transportation Research Procedia (2017)(13 p.) [formato PDF, 755 kB].
Conference Paper, World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR 2016), Shanghai. 10-15 July 2016.
"The research on carsharing has already shown that a substantial part of carsharing members give up a vehicle after joining a carsharing program, or
avoid a vehicle purchase. This arguably reduces overall parking space needed. This might well be one of the most important impacts of a carsharing program
on the transportation system but also one of the least researched. The rapid diffusion of free-floating carsharing, which for its very nature might have a
stronger impact on parking, makes the relationship between carsharing and parking an appealing topic for new research. This work presents a method for
the investigation of this relationship and explores the impacts of different parking prices on the demand for free-floating carsharing in the city of
Zurich, Switzerland. Three levels of free-floating diffusion in the city of Zurich coupled with three levels of parking prices were simulated. The obtained
results show that free-floating vehicles are able to use parking spaces more efficiently than private vehicles. Moreover, the average parking occupancy
tends to be more homogeneous with higher diffusion of free-floating carsharing and with the increase of parking prices, thus avoiding the spatial parking
pressure peaks."
Giulio Maternini, Francesca Ferrari (University of Brescia),
Innovative parking strategies through the application of variable pricing techniques. The case of San Francisco.
CSE Journal - City Safety Energy 2 (2014) 49-60 (12 p.) [formato PDF, 2,55 MB]. Open Access.
"The goal of this paper is to propose a first methodological approach for the application of the variable parking pricing techniques to Italian mediumsized
cities. After some consideration about the need of re-thinking the parking management systems, the pilot project implemented in San Francisco, CA,
known as “SFpark”, has been analyzed, basing on the results described in a recent final evaluation report. This project represents the first application of
variable rates in specific pilot areas for on-street and off-street parking spaces. Its application aimed mainly to optimize the use of existing parking, reducing
time to access the city and to search free parking spaces. Starting from this case study, we highlighted the main steps to be implemented in Italian
cities to better use the existing parking supply."
Gregory Pierce and Donald Shoup (UC Los Angeles),
Getting the Prices Right: An Evaluation of Pricing Parking by Demand in San Francisco.
(UCTC-FR-2013-03). Forthcoming in the Journal of the American Planning Association, Volume 79, Number 1, Winter 2013.
University of California Transportation Center, UC Berkeley, May 2013, 38 p. [formato PDF, 1,99 MB]
"Underpriced and overcrowded curb parking creates problems for everyone except a few lucky drivers who find a cheap space; all the other drivers who cruise to find an open space waste time and fuel, congest traffic, and pollute the air. Overpriced and underoccupied parking also creates problems; when curb spaces remain empty, nearby merchants lose potential customers, workers lose jobs, and cities lose tax revenue. To address these problems, San Francisco has established SFpark, a program that adjusts parking prices to achieve a target parking availability of one or two open spaces on each block. To measure how parking prices affected parking occupancy in San Francisco we calculated the price elasticity of demand for on-street parking revealed by 5,294 individual price and occupancy changes during the program’s first year. Price elasticity varies greatly by time of day, location, and several other factors, with an average value of –0.4. The average meter price fell 1 percent during the first year, so SFpark adjusted prices up and down according to local demand without increasing prices overall. The city can improve the program by making drivers more aware of the variable prices, reducing the abuse of disabled parking placards, and introducing seasonal adjustments for parking prices."
Andrea Ceudech (Univ. di Napoli Federico II),
Politiche della sosta e riqualificazione della città storica (Parking Policies and the Requalification of the Historical Town).
TeMA, vol. 2, n.1, marzo 2009, 29-38 (10 p.) [formato PDF, 892 kB]. English abstract.
Greg Marsden (Univ. of Leeds),
The evidence base for parking policies - a review.
Transport Policy, 13 (2006) 447-457 (22 p.) [formato PDF, 316 kB].
"Parking policy is one of the key links between transport and land-use policy. Parking policies are often
compromised in their effectiveness due to the perceived tension between three of the objectives that parking
supports: regeneration, restraint and revenue. In particular the belief that parking restraint measures could
damage the attractiveness of city centres to both retail and commercial enterprises limits the political
acceptability of pricing policies and planning. This paper presents a review of the evidence base upon which
commuter, leisure and shopping and residential parking policies are based. Whilst underdeveloped, the literature
suggests that greater attention should be given to analysing and presenting the accessibility impacts that
different parking restraint measures have on travelers of all modes. The research base in many instances does
not support, or provides evidence counter to, the assumption that parking restraint makes centres less attractive.
Further disaggregate work is needed to understand how context specific these findings might be."
ISFORT, Federmobilità,
Gli strumenti dissuasivi della mobilità privata nelle città italiane: un approfondimento sulle
limitazioni alla circolazione e alla sosta. Rapporto finale.
Roma, ottobre 2007, 92 slides [formato PDF, 1,08 MB zippato].
Presentazione dell'indagine conoscitiva condotta da Isfort e Federmobilità sugli strumenti dissuasivi
della circolazione e della sosta nelle città italiane (in particolare le ZTL e la sosta a pagamento).
Tariffazione e gestione dei parcheggi.
(materiale didattico prodotto per il programma COMPETENCE dell'Unione Europea).
26 slides [formato PowerPoint, 5,94 MB].
Technical Committee on Transport, Action 342,
Parking policies and the effects on economy and mobility.
Report on COST Action 342, Ede, CROW, August 2005, 133 p. [formato PDF, 3,20 MB].
(per scaricare il documento è necessaria la registrazione gratuita)
La problématique du stationnement.
Actes du colloque du 12 décembre 2002 (Liège),
Namur, Union des Villes et Communes de Wallonie, 2002, 210 p. [formato PDF, 1,56 MB].
Low Emission Zones in Europe. Low Emission Zones (LEZs) are areas where the most polluting vehicles are restricted from entering an area. This means that vehicles are banned, or in some cases charged, if they enter the LEZ when their emissions are over a set level.
They are also know as Environment Zones, Umweltzonen, Milieuzones, Lavutslippssone, Miljozone, Miljözon.
Lamia Abdelfattah, Diego Deponte, Giovanna Fossa,
The 15-minute city as a hybrid model for Milan.
Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 2022, 71-86 (16 p.) [formato PDF, 2,9 MB]. Open Access.
"With a special focus on Milan, we explore the interpretation of the 15-minute city as a hybrid model, where soft mobility is integrated in a holistic urbanism approach. Contemporary
urban challenges, synthetized in the 15-minute city model, look for a sustainable "proximity mix": mix of uses (overcoming rigid zoning and building codes), mix of inhabitants and users, mix
of time schedules and multi-purpose open space. The proposed hybrid approach considers the living-working urban experience as a whole: it proposes to consider, as a starting point for measuring
the timeframe of 15 minutes, not only homes but workplaces as well. It welcomes innovative working facilities among those to be considered as essential services reachable within the 15-minute
walking timeframe and it integrates open spaces within urban infrastructures by mixing the neighborhood "eco-system" - both of environment and mobility - and designing them around the central
role of walking."
Iván López, Jordi Ortega and Mercedes Pardo,
Mobility Infrastructures in Cities and Climate Change: An Analysis Through the Superblocks in Barcelona.
Atmosphere 2020, 11, 410 (10 p.) [formato PDF, 5,9 MB]. Open Access.
"Cities are key actors in the fight against climate change since they are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while at the same time they experience the negative impact of this
phenomenon. Mitigating and adapting to climate change requires fundamental changes in urbanism and city automobile traffic. Superblocks, a grid of blocks and basic roads forming a polygon,
approximately 400 by 400 m, are one of the instruments for such changes. These type of city Superblocks represent a new model of mobility that restructures the typical urban road network,
thereby substantially reducing automobile traffic, and accordingly GHG emissions, while increasing green space in the city and improving the health and quality of life of its inhabitants.
Furthermore, the Superblocks do not require investment in hard infrastructures, nor do they involve demolishing buildings or undertaking massive development; they are in fact very low-tech
urbanism. The city of Barcelona has been implementing Superblocks as one of the measures to combat climate change with very positive results. The paper analyzes the concept of the Superblock
and its relation with climate change in cities. Along these lines, it analyzes the pioneer experience of Barcelona in the development and implementation of the Superblocks, as a radical plan
aimed at taking back the streets from cars. The role of political power and institutional leadership has been key in societal acceptance and the achievement of tangible results. But there are
also obstacles and drawbacks in the development of these types of Superblocks, such as the necessity to redesign the collective transport network so that car traffic can truly be reduced in
cities, the possible negative influence on traffic going in and out of the city, the lack of visible advantages if they are not implemented in the entire city, the risk of gentrification in
the areas with Superblocks, public opposition, and opposition from certain sectors of the business community."
European Environment Agency,
The first and last mile - the key to sustainable urban transport. Transport and environment report 2019. EEA Report No 18/2019.
European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 2020, 83 p. [formato PDF, 6,4 MB].
"This report provides a comprehensive overview of all main F/L/O mile options for passenger and freight
transport. It describes their urban mobility and policy contexts and presents the current state of scientific
knowledge on their environment and health effects. It also describes the limits of F/L/O mile options and
the framework in which they can be most effective. The objective is to help policy makers, planners and
transport users make well-informed choices."
Lucia Martincigh, Marina Di Guida (Università Roma Tre),
La mobilità sostenibile come strumento di riqualificazione delle infrastrutture stradali urbane: un approccio metodologico
[Sustainable mobility as a way for upgrading urban street infrastructures: a methodological approach].
Techne (Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment) 11 (2016), 180-187 (8 p.) [formato PDF, 1,1 MB]. Open Access.
"Per migliorare la vivibilità dell'ambiente urbano e garantire un'accessibilità diffusa sembra utile affrontare il ridisegno delle strade e degli
spazi pubblici in sinergia con la riorganizzazione della mobilità in chiave sostenibile. Questo contributo si riferisce a ricerche e sperimentazioni,
svolte e in corso, che a tal fine hanno analizzato limiti e possibilità di applicazione dello strumento dell'Isola Ambientale e di uno specifico
approccio progettuale, verificandolo poi in due quartieri universitari della città di Roma."
Jordan Lewis and Mike Schwindeller (Univ. of Washington),
Adaptive Streets. Strategies for Transforming the Urban Right-of-Way, 2014, 64 p. [formato PDF, 87,1 MB]
"This handbook has been developed to serve as an encouragement and guide for planners, designers, engineers and citizens who see the many opportunities for utility,
pleasure and human and environmental health that streets can provide. Developed by UW graduate students Jordan Lewis and Mike Schwindeller for their
internship in the UW Green Futures Lab in Seattle and in the firms of Gehl Architects and Schulze + Grassov in Copenhagen, the document has been inspired and informed
by worldwide movements to adapt urban streets to serve multiple purposes, from San Francisco to Seattle, Christchurch to Copenhagen."
Dieter Schwab, Martina Strasser, Stefan Müllehner,
Smartes Straßen-Design für Smart Cities.
REAL CORP 2014, Wien, 21.-23. Mai 2014, 21 slides [formato PDF, 2,96 MB]
Dr. W.P. Vlakveld, M.J. Boele, MSc, dr. L.T. Aarts & ing. G. Schermers,
Natuurlijk Sturen in Limburg. Een kijkgedrag- en snelheidsonderzoek en een verkeerskundige analyse van twee aangepaste wegen
(Natural traffic calming in the Dutch Province of Limburg; Pilot study of two adapted roads). (R-2013-2).
Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Verkeersveiligheid SWOV, Leidschendam, 2013, 87 p. [formato PDF, 5,98 MB]
"The continuous search for infrastructural measures to further improve road safety motivated and stimulated a number of regions to use more ‘natural’ measures and territorial characteristics. These natural measures are expected to have a positive influence on the perception and behaviour of the road user, and, consequently, also on road safety: ‘natural traffic calming’. This actually involves ‘environmental and territorial traffic engineering design’.
The Regional Road Traffic Safety Authority Limburg (ROVL) as well as the Province of Limburg is interested in the possibilities of Natural traffic calming. To gain experience with this relatively new approach, natural traffic calming measures have been implemented at two locations in the Province of Limburg."
Verkehrsberuhigung 2011 – Bewährtes und Neues. (Heft 28).
Amt der NÖ Landesregierung, Gruppe Raumordnung, Umwelt und Verkehr, Abteilung Gesamtverkehrsangelegenheiten, St. Pölten, 2011, 66 p. [formato PDF, 2,29 MB]